life insurance

Don’t use Whole Life Insurance as an Investment

by Mark on January 19, 2011 16:28 pm · 4 comments

Some of our other articles have pointed out that we prefer term life insurance over whole life insurance, because life insurance should not be involved in any way, shape or form with your investments. We like to dig deeper into the subject.

Most insurance agents will try to sell you whole life insurance. Your CPA may try to sell your whole life insurance. Even your stockbroker might want to get in on the action. Why are people so eager to sell an insurance policy that is so much more complex than the less expensive and easier to understand term life insurance policy? You know the answer: commissions.

These salespeople will tell you that the investing component of whole life insurance serves as a “forced savings plan.” They’ll tell you that what they call the “cash value” will grow tax-deferred. They’ll tell you about the dividends you can receive. But wait. An IRA or a 401(k) also can be a disciplined savings plan, can grow tax-free, and can pay dividends. And on top of that, you can make your own investment decisions or seek out and change your money managers at will.

They will not tell you that your cash-value insurance is generally a very poor investment. The majority of mutual fund managers and other money managers do not beat the general market. Why would anyone think that an investment arm of an insurance company would do any better, especially when they don’t disclose their performance? They could be just as good, but what happens if they’re not? You can’t fire them. You can’t tell them to go to cash when you fear a financial crisis coming. You have no say whatsoever despite how poorly they may perform.

And whole life insurance is a very expensive way to invest. You’ve got annual investment fees which may not be broken out in your statements, you’ve got marketing fees built into your premiums, you’ve got a sales commission you paid to your broker that you didn’t even know about. In policies that do break out investment fees, you will see that they can be 3% or even higher. By comparison, index mutual funds have annual expenses under .5% and many very good actively managed mutual funds come in under 1%. If you are schooled at all on the principle of compounding interest, you’ll know that a 2-3% difference, year in and year out, can make a huge difference – perhaps by as much as hundreds of thousands of dollars over decades.

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Furthermore, most insurance companies will not disclose the rate of return in the cash value of your policy, so you will not be able to compare it to other investments. And of course insurance counties have been opposed to any and all legislation that seeks to require such disclosure.

Another downside to whole life insurance is that premiums in the early years of the policy are so much higher than the premiums of a term life policy. This is money that could be put away early into a 401(k) or IRA account, and as any investor will tell you the more money you can put in earlier the better, vastly better, your eventual nest egg will be. Not only that, the insured could buy so much more coverage for the money. For example, a 25-year-old could buy almost 10 times the coverage with term life insurance that he could with whole life insurance for the same premium payments.

Thankfully, with freely available information on the Internet, and consumer advocates rallying against whole life insurance, whole life policy sales have been declining. To try and maintain interest in these profitable types of policies, they have been inventing all sorts of new types of whole life insurance. Steer clear of them, unless you need whole life insurance for some specific estate planning needs. They all share the same problems, and are all difficult to understand by the average person.

The bottom line is simple: life insurance and investing are two vastly different things. If you want life insurance, by term life insurance; if you want to invest for retirement, do so within IRAs or 401(k)s.

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Shopping for Life Insurance

by Mark on January 19, 2011 16:27 pm · Comments/Link

Premiums are obviously a very important factor in shopping for life insurance. But there are other critically important factors that you cannot overlook, not only criteria in the insurance policy itself but also in the financial strength and customer service in the insurance company.

Where to shop for life insurance

If you have an insurance broker for your other needs, while means give them a call and see what they can do for you on life insurance. But do not then go to their office and sign the papers. It is imperative that you compare the rates for many insurance companies. The best way to do this is to go to a reputable insurance comparison website. Three good sites we recommend our AccuQuote.com, Insure.com or QuickQuote.com. There are other sites as well, but make sure that they are not just a front for pushing a particular company they are getting a kickback from; seek out consumer advocacy groups on the Internet and see which sites they recommend.

Of course, you have to compare apples with apples so you must first know what type of insurance policy you want. Figure this out before you start comparison-shopping. There is no way you can compare the term life insurance policy to a whole life insurance policy, and even just among whole life, that you can compare traditional, universal, and variable whole life policies.

These comparison shopping websites will ask you for information about yourself such as your age and your health, and present a wealth of information on how much insurance you can buy for various terms, and the premiums will have to pay.

Life insurance company ratings

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Not all life insurance companies are equal. It is a big deal to make sure that you select a life insurance company that is financially strong. Life insurance companies do on occasion, and especially during financial crises, go out of business. Remember AIG? Everyone thought they were “too big to fail.”

Every state has something called state guarantee funds that will come to the rescue and pay the claims of insolvent insurers, but there are limits to the amount of that guarantee. And with a near insolvency of our state governments, it may be a more important criterion to rely on the strength of the insurance company.

The way you check on the strength of insurance companies to check their financial integrity that is rated by the five major rating agencies: A. M. Best, Fitch, Moody’s, S&P, and Weiss. Each company may use different methods of rating, but in general the best is AAA and the lowest C, D or F. There is no need to stray from AAA rated companies. And make sure that you do check the ratings from more than one rating agency to make sure that you have not looked at a rating aberration.

Guaranteed Renewability

Guaranteed renewability, sometimes called guaranteed insurability, dictates that the insurer is required to renew the policy for a specified amount of time regardless to the health of the insured. With healthcare costs rising rapidly, due to medical costs, legal costs, and government regulation, insurance companies in order to maintain viability will be looking to avoid paying out as much as possible. You need to see this guaranteed renewability clause in your policy.

Now you have a responsibility to maintain your end of the agreement by making your premium payments on time and to have been truthful in your insurance application. If you don’t, the insurance company will have a legal right to raise your premiums at will.

Buying the policy

Once you find an insurance company you may be able to purchase the policy on the Internet, by telephone, or otherwise directly without the use of an insurance agent. But many companies require you to go through an agent, which sometimes adds to the cost of your policy. So, since you’re paying for it, make sure you get an agent that has a record of trustworthiness, and is one you personally like. Almost anyone can sell insurance, so his or her knowledge and skills can vary greatly.

And if you end up in the office of insurance agent, be wary of them trying to talk you out of the decision you have made with all the research and comparison shopping you have done (hopefully) on your own. As with any salesperson, it is rare to find one that will not try to up sell you. Just as you should use an accountant who is a CPA, it is wise to use an insurance agent who is a Chartered Life Underwriter (CLU), Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC), or a Certified Financial Planner (CFP),

Other considerations

This article has just touched the surface of some basic and common sense information that you need to buy the best insurance policy you can, affordably. We recommend term life insurance, towards simplicity and pure insurance approach, but if you have if you have to buy whole life, either due to your age or other financial planning needs, the comparison shopping becomes much more complex. Not only do you need to evaluate everything we have talked about, but all the various complex issues involved in whole life, not the least of which is determining if the insurance company can effectively manage and grow your investment.

Conclusion

Keep focus on your basic needs, and that is to find a rock solid company who will pay sufficient amount of money to your beneficiary for premium or you can afford. Don’t let all the exotic add-ons and high-pressure sales people talk you into more than you really need. Use your common sense.

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Types of Whole Life Insurance

by Mark on January 19, 2011 16:25 pm · Comments/Link

When the insurance business originally started, all life insurance was term life insurance. And this is the type of life insurance that we highly recommend in most cases. But as the insurance industry matured, whole life insurance was invented. Some say that whole life was created in response to market pressures, because some term insurance policyholders were not happy that they could be paying premiums for decades and accumulating no value they could cash in on if need be. But, the profitability of whole life insurance to the industry, and to insurance brokers, makes us think otherwise.

With term life insurance, your premiums may rise as you get older. With whole life insurance, while your premiums are higher than they would be with term life, they remain level over time. And, the policy covers insured’s “whole life,” meaning until your death. The premiums accumulate a cash value that, if the policyholder wishes to terminate the policy, he or she can be paid from the insurance company. Along the way, the whole life policyholder may borrow against the policy, usually with somewhat lower than market interest rates.

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The whole life insurance policy offers a ”cash value,” which is a cash reserve that builds over time until it equals the “death benefit.” The cash value equals the death benefit upon maturity of the contract, usually near the age of around 100.

The other major difference between a life and term life is that whole life has an investment component. They’re taking a portion of your money and investing it in stocks, bonds and other investment vehicles. So, they are not just your insurance company, they become your investment partner as well. If they are good investors and beat the market (most money managers do not), you profit too; if they don’t, it’s your loss too. Some people may like this hands-off approach, and some may not.

There are many types of whole life insurance. Here are just eight popular ones:

Nonparticipating whole life insurance: at the time the policy is written, everything relating to the policy is determined and remains in effect for the life of the contract. This includes death benefits, premiums, cash surrender values, everything. No changes are allowed at all.

Participating whole life insurance: as the whole life insurance company is your investing partner, you are paid dividends if there are profits from year to year.

Intermediate premium whole life insurance: this is just like non-participating whole life insurance, except that your premium payments are not level for the life of the contract. However, there is a maximum premium that they cannot exceed.

Economic whole life insurance: this is a hybrid of a life insurance and term life insurance. Part of the surplus premium is used to purchase term insurance.

Limited pay whole life insurance: this is like whole life insurance except you make larger premium payments, but for a set number of years, for example 20 years instead of your whole life.

Single premium whole life insurance: rather than making payments for your whole life, you make one very large payment upfront.

Interest sensitive all life insurance: instead of using dividends to increase your cash value accumulation, the interest on your policies cash value changes with market conditions. Your premium can vary up to a maximum guaranteed amount, but your death benefit will remain the same.

Modified life-insurance: this is a whole life insurance policy that, rather than having level premiums for life, the early years see lower premiums, and step up through the life of the loan. Generally, there are two or three steps.

As you can see, whole life insurance can be extremely complex, and in our opinion, this works to the benefit of the insurance company, not the insured. Unless you have estate planning needs that require whole life insurance, stick to term life, and use 401Ks and IRA’s to as your investments.

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Term Life Insurance: the right choice

by Mark on January 19, 2011 16:23 pm · 1 comment

If you shop for life insurance, you’ll find that insurance brokers will give you a hard sell for whole life insurance, over term life insurance. Right there, that should tell you something. The commission brokers can earn for whole life insurance are considerably heftier than for term life insurance.

But let’s take a look at the differences between the two types of life insurance, and you can decide for yourself which is best for you. Hint: its term life insurance.

Term or Whole Life Insurance?

The major difference between the two is that a term life insurance policy simply pays the beneficiary the face amount of the policy upon the death of the insured. Whole life insurance, on the other hand, combines a term policy with an investment component — the investment takes the form of stocks and/or bonds. The value of the policy grows (or diminishes) based upon the performance of the investments. And within the realm of whole life insurance, you have to choose between traditional, universal, and variable policies.

So, as you can imagine, comparing quotes for term life insurance is considerably easier than comparing quotes for whole life insurance. With term insurance, you have the face value, the number of years for the term, and the monthly payment amount. It’s a very easy calculation. With whole life insurance, you have to somehow determine the future performance of the investment team that has responsibility for making your money grow.

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The track record for whole life insurance investments is not particularly good. You’re better off seeking out more successful managers of your retirement money, keeping it separate from any life insurance needs, and then go buy the cheapest term life insurance policy you can find from a highly rated, reputable life insurance company.

Aside from the simple logic of keeping your retirement investment separate from your insurance policy, you should know that whole life insurance policies could be very expensive. The policies include high fees and commissions, which can be as high as three percentage points of your annual return, if there is a return. In addition, the upfront commission that the broker gets kicked back may run as high as your entire first year of premiums. Of course you won’t hear about this commission, as it is hidden within the cost structure. And just try and determine how much of your premiums go toward your insurance and how much toward the investment.

Term life insurance – the right choice

If you’re in good health and young, and under 50, term life insurance is cheap. Year by year, as you get older it becomes more expensive for obvious reasons. And, if you have health issues, you are overweight, you engage in unhealthy habits such as smoking, you’ve had a DUI, or you engage in hazardous activities such as skydiving, your rates will be higher. (Of course, if you are a smoking, drunken, fat skydiver you probably aren’t that concerned about your longevity or the welfare of your wife or kids anyway.) When you apply, you’ll be asked a battery of questions, whose answers will affect the initial premium before you go for medical underwriting.

But what if I can’t get term life insurance?

If you’re in your 60s or beyond, you may not have an alternative but to buy a whole life insurance policy. Insurance companies do not like to sell term life to seniors. Frankly, the premiums would have to be way too high, to the point that people could not afford them, in order to take the risk that someone of this age will live long enough (pay enough in premiums) to make a profit. There’s no greed involved it’s simply reading the actuarial tables.

But again, even if you can get a whole life insurance policy when you are a senior citizen, the whole life policies rarely yield a reasonable rate of return unless held for at least 20 years. So, you better plan on living a healthy lifestyle if this is something you are going to do.

How much life insurance should I buy?

How much term life insurance should you buy? That’s a subject for another article, but a good rule of thumb is consumer advocate Clark Howard’s recommendation: buy 10 times your annual income. Remember, buying life insurance is not analogous to buying a lottery ticket; the intention should be to provide income for a loved one for a period of time until they can make it on their own.

How do I shop for life insurance?

Shopping for the best term life insurance rates is also a subject for another article, but start by using reputable insurance comparison websites is the best way to shop. Three good sites we recommend our AccuQuote.com, Insure.com or QuickQuote.com. Not only will they give you the rate, but some will provide ratings of the insurance companies themselves.

If you have an insurance broker already, get a quote from them. But, importantly, don’t rely on this existing relationship and sign the papers without first going online and comparing quotes.

And, as with any financial purchase, make sure that the company you are dealing with is rock solid. A quick search online will yield many consumer groups that can advise you.

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Life Insurance

by Mark on January 19, 2011 16:21 pm · Comments/Link

Life insurance can be a complicated subject when you compare term life to whole life insurance, and look into the myriad of whole life choices. Learn how to make the right choice, how to shop for life insurance, and importantly, why you should not use whole life insurance as an investment.

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